Numbers and maths

Operators

2 + 2 * 10 // 22
(2 + 3) * 4 // 20
10 - 4 // 6
20 / 4 // 5
2^10 // 1,024
17 mod 5 // 2

% is the percent operator, not modulo. Writing 17 % 5 is a parse error because 17 % is already a complete expression. Use mod or modulo.

^ is the only operator that groups from the right. A tower of powers is worked out from the top down, as in mathematics: 2^3^2 means 2^(3^2), which is 2^9. Everything else groups from the left, so 10-3-2 is (10-3)-2.

2^3^2 // 512
(2^3)^2 // 64

Operators in words

Most operators have a word form, which is often how a line reads more naturally.

8 times 9 // 72
2 plus 3 // 5
5 minus 3 // 2
10 divide by 2 // 5
3 multiplied by 4 // 12

with adds and without subtracts, which reads well for a running total.

40 with 2 // 42
40 without 2 // 38

Suffixes

2.5k // 2,500
3M // 3,000,000

Functions

sqrt(16) // 4
abs(-5) // 5
round(3.7) // 4
floor(3.7) // 3
ceil(3.2) // 4
min(3, 7) // 3
max(3, 7) // 7
gcd(12, 18) // 6

Bases

Numbers can be written and displayed in hexadecimal, binary or octal.

0xFF // 255
hex(255) // 0xFF
bin(5) // 0b101
255 as hex // 0xFF
255 as binary // 0b11111111

Bit shifts, bitwise operators and data-size units are on the programmer math page.

Big integers

Suffix an integer with n to keep full precision beyond the safe range for ordinary numbers.

123n * 2 // 246